1, Incamake yinganda zihuza ubusanzwe bivuga ikintu cya electromency gihuza umuyobozi (wire) hamwe nibintu bikwiye kugirango bihinduke kandi birebire. Bikoreshwa cyane muri aerospace, itumanaho no kwanduza amakuru, ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, gari ya moshi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ubuvuzi nibindi bibanza.

2, hejuru no kumanura urunigi rwinganda

Kugera hejuru

Ibikoresho byibanze byinganda zihuza ni ibyuma bikennye, bidasanzwe nibikoresho byingirakamaro, ibikoresho bya plastike nibindi bikoresho bifasha. Igiciro cyibikoresho bibisi bingana na 30% yikiguzi cyibicuruzwa. Muri bo, indangarubuga frele na konte idasanzwe kandi ifite agaciro ka Leta ifite umubare munini w'igiciro cy'abahuza, hakurikiraho ibikoresho fatizo bya pulasitike n'ibindi bikoresho bifasha.

kumanura

Abihuza bakoreshwa cyane, cyane cyane mumodoka (23%), itumanaho (21%), ibikoresho bya elegitori (15%) ninganda (12%). Umugabane wisoko ryimiterere ine ya porogaramu irenze 70%, hakurikiraho indege za gisirikare (6%), hamwe nizindi nzego zo kwivuza, igikoresho, konte yibikoresho bya 16% muri 16% muri 16% muri 16% muri imyaka 16%. Urwego rwa Margin kuva hejuru kugeza hasi ni urwego rwa gisirikare, urwego rwinganda hamwe nicyiciro cyabaguzi, mugihe amarushanwa arungana ibisabwa kugirango urwego rwikora ari ibinyuranye.

Kubikoresho bya elegitoroniki bya gisirikare, kwizerwa no guhuza ibidukikije birahabwa umwanya wambere. Ingorabahizi tekinike ni ndende, inzitizi irushanwa ni ndende, kandi ibicuruzwa byinshi byahinduwe nicyiciro gito. Kubwibyo, ibiciro ni byinshi, kandi inyungu nini yibicuruzwa nayo ni ndende. Kurugero, amanota menshi yunganira Aerospace abahuza amashanyarazi ari hafi 40%.

Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bifite hagati yinganda za gisirikare hamwe na elegitoroniki yabaguzi, kandi inyungu zabo zinshi zirimo munsi yinganda za gisirikare. Kurugero, amanota menshi yunguka ya Yonggui Ubucuruzi bwimodoka ni 30%.

Amashanyarazi atanga ibyihutirwa kubikoresha imbaraga, imikorere nigiciro, hamwe namarushanwa ahagije hamwe nibiciro biri hasi. Muri rusange, igiciro cyigice cyumuhuza uri munsi ya 1 yuan, hamwe nu nyungu rusange ni hasi. Kurugero, amanota menshi yinyungu ya lixn precision ni 20%. 3, Inganda

Inganda zihuza ni isoko ryihariye kandi ryuzuye. Ubushinwa nisoko rinini ryihuza kwisi, ariko ibicuruzwa binini cyane kandi biri hasi-impera, igipimo cya connext cyimikorere yohejuru ni gito, kandi ibitekerezo byinganda ni bike.

Kugeza ubu, imishinga yitabira amarushanwa yo mu gihugu yo mu gihugu irashobora kugabanywa mu byiciro bine: Ibigo binini by'imibonano mpuzabitsina muri Amerika, imishinga myinshi y'inyigisho ziterwa na Ubushinwa na Tayiwani, kandi umubare munini w'ibigo bito by'imbere mu gihugu ndetse no mu gihugu ndetse no mu gihugu giciriritse.